Piles, also known as haemorrhoids, are swollen blood vessels in and around the anus and lower rectum. They may develop due to constipation, straining during bowel movements, prolonged sitting on the toilet, pregnancy, or a low-fibre diet. Common symptoms include bright red blood during bowel movements, pain or discomfort around the anus, itching, swelling, and a lump near the anal opening. Some patients may also experience mucus discharge or a feeling of incomplete bowel emptying. Although piles are common and often manageable, rectal bleeding should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out other causes.
Treatment of piles depends on the severity of the symptoms and may include eating a fibre-rich diet, drinking plenty of water, exercising regularly, avoiding straining during bowel movements, and not sitting on the toilet for long periods. Warm sitz baths and prescribed medications may help relieve pain and itching. If symptoms persist or piles are severe, medical procedures such as rubber band ligation or surgery may be recommended. Patients should seek medical attention if they experience persistent or heavy rectal bleeding, severe anal pain, dizziness, or black stools. Following medical advice and maintaining healthy bowel habits can help relieve symptoms and reduce the risk of recurrence.